A complete chronology of the refinements to the TSS through research evidence is presented in Wijekumar et al., (2014). The studies also included newer adaptations for Spanish speaking English learners (Wijekumar, Meyer, Lei, Hernandez, & August, 2018).Īll these studies have shown that it is possible to teach children in grades 4 through 8 about using text structures to improve their comprehension of expository and narrative texts. Once this pattern was established, new interventions were developed to study whether children in elementary grades would benefit from being taught the strategy to identify signaling words, write a main idea scaffolded by the text structure, and remember more information (Meyer & Poon, 2001 Meyer et al., 2002 Meyer et al., 2010 Williams et al., 2005).Ī series of large scale studies have been conducted by Wijekumar and colleagues to study the efficacy of the TSS instruction delivered via a web-based tutor to students in grades 4, 5, 7, and 8 (Wijekumar, Meyer, & Lei, 2012 Wijekumar et al., 2014 Wijekumar, Meyer & Lei, 2017). This gist helped them recollect more important information after reading. ![]() They found that good readers were able to take advantage of signals within the text to select important ideas and generate a gist. ![]() After the initial identification of the five text structures, Meyer and colleagues conducted additional research about what and how good readers remembered information (Meyer, Brandt, & Bluth, 1980). The Text Structure Strategy was designed, developed, and refined through many years of research. Most novels, textbook passages, and short reading pieces may contain descriptions of events and sequences nested within the causes and effects of the event. These ideas can be studied using a problem and solution and/or a cause and effect lens. When reading a narrative text students are often asked about the moral of the story or the actions of the main characters. In expository texts such as history, events can be studied using a cause and effect structure nested within a sequence of events. These text structures are used to organize every text regardless of genre (e.g., expository, narrative) or content (e.g., science, social studies, current events, sports). Meyer and colleagues found that the hierarchical structure of texts fit into one or a combination of two or more of five specific text structures : The information presented higher in the content structure of a text is connected to better recall than information presented lower in the content structure (Meyer, 1975). The Text Structure Strategy (TSS) stems from research showing that the content of most texts is organized using a hierarchical structure.
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